Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kwa nthawi yoyamba kuti tizilombo timatha kusewera ndi mipira yaying'ono yamatabwa. Kodi izi zikunena kalikonse za mkhalidwe wawo wamalingaliro?
Monisha Ravisetti ndi wolemba sayansi wa CNET. Amalankhula za kusintha kwa nyengo, maroketi amlengalenga, masamu, mafupa a dinosaur, mabowo akuda, supernovae, komanso kuyesa malingaliro anzeru nthawi zina. M'mbuyomu, anali mtolankhani wa sayansi woyambira The Academic Times, ndipo izi zisanachitike, anali wofufuza za chitetezo chamthupi ku Weill Cornell Medical Center ku New York. Mu 2018, adamaliza maphunziro ake ku New York University ndi digiri ya bachelor mu filosofi, physics, ndi chemistry. Akakhala pa desiki yake, amayesa (ndikulephera) kukweza udindo wake pa chess pa intaneti. Mafilimu omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi Dunkirk ndi Marseille in Shoes.
Kodi njuchi zikutsekereza njira yanu kuchokera kunyumba kupita kugalimoto? palibe vuto. Phunziro latsopano limapereka njira yosangalatsa komanso yosangalatsa yowathetsera. Apatseni nyama mpira wawung'ono wamatabwa ndipo amatha kusangalala ndikusiya kukuwopsyezani paulendo wanu wam'mawa.
Lachinayi, gulu la ochita kafukufuku lidapereka umboni wakuti ma bumblebees, monga anthu, amakonda kusewera ndi zida zosangalatsa.
Pambuyo pochita nawo ma bumblebees 45 pazoyeserera zingapo, zidawonekeratu kuti njuchizo zidavuta kubwereza mobwerezabwereza mipira yamatabwa, ngakhale kuti zinalibe zodziwikiratu za izi. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, njuchi zimawoneka ngati "zikusewera" ndi mpira. Komanso, mofanana ndi anthu, njuchi zimakhala ndi zaka zomwe zimasiya kusewera.
Malinga ndi nkhani yomwe idasindikizidwa mwezi watha m'magazini ya Animal Behavior, njuchi zazing'ono zimagudubuza mipira yambiri kuposa njuchi zazikulu, monga momwe mungayembekezere kuti ana azisewera kwambiri kuposa akuluakulu. Gululo linawonanso kuti njuchi zamphongo zimagudubuza mpirawo motalika kuposa njuchi zazikazi. (Koma sindikudziwa ngati izi zikugwira ntchito pamakhalidwe amunthu.)
"Phunziroli likupereka umboni wamphamvu wakuti nzeru za tizilombo ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa momwe timaganizira," anatero Lars Chitka, pulofesa wa zamoyo ndi makhalidwe pa Queen Mary University ku London, yemwe adatsogolera kafukufukuyu. "Pali nyama zambiri zomwe zimangosewera kuti zisangalale, koma zitsanzo zambiri ndi zinyama ndi mbalame zazing'ono."
Kudziwa kuti tizilombo timakonda kusewera n'kofunika kwambiri, chifukwa zimatipatsa mwayi woganiza kuti akhoza kukhala ndi maganizo abwino. Zimenezi zimadzutsa mafunso ofunika kwambiri pankhani ya mmene timawachitira zinthu. Kodi timalemekeza nyama zosalankhula monga momwe tingathere? Kodi tidzawalembetsa ngati anthu ozindikira?
Frans BM de Waal, mlembi wa bukhu logulitsidwa koposa la Are We Smart Enough to Know How Smart Animals anafotokoza mwachidule mbali ina ya vutolo ponena kuti “chifukwa chakuti nyama sizitha kulankhula, malingaliro awo amakanidwa.”
Izi zitha kukhala zowona makamaka kwa njuchi. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wina wa 2011 anapeza kuti njuchi zinasintha mu ubongo pamene zinadzutsidwa kapena kungogwedezeka ndi ofufuza. Kusintha kumeneku kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi nkhawa, kuvutika maganizo, ndi zina zamaganizo zomwe timazoloŵera kuziwona mwa anthu ndi zinyama zina, komabe, mwina chifukwa chakuti tizilombo sitingathe kulankhula, osasiya kulira kapena maonekedwe a nkhope, nthawi zambiri sitimaganiza kuti ali ndi malingaliro.
"Tikupereka umboni wochulukirapo.
Ndikutanthauza, onerani kanema pansipa ndipo muwona khamu la njuchi zonenepa zikugudubuzika pampira ngati zili pamasewera. Ndiwokongola komanso okoma kwambiri chifukwa tikudziwa kuti amangochita izi chifukwa ndizosangalatsa.
Chittka ndi asayansi ena adayika ma bumblebees 45 m'bwalo lamasewera ndikuwawonetsa zochitika zosiyanasiyana momwe angasankhe "kusewera" kapena ayi.
Pakuyesa kwina, tizilombo tinapeza zipinda ziwiri. Yoyamba ili ndi mpira wosuntha, ina ilibe kanthu. Monga momwe zimayembekezeredwa, njuchi zinkakonda zipinda zogwirizana ndi kayendetsedwe ka mpira.
Muzochitika zina, njuchi zingasankhe njira yosasinthika yopita kumalo odyetserako chakudya kapena kupatuka panjira yopita kumalo ndi mpira wamatabwa. Anthu ambiri amasankha dziwe la mpira. Ndipotu panthawi yoyesera, tizilombo tina tinagudubuza mpirawo kuchoka pa 1 mpaka 117.
Pofuna kupewa kusakanikirana kosiyanasiyana, ochita kafukufuku anayesa kudzipatula lingaliro la masewera a mpira. Mwachitsanzo, iwo sanapereke mphoto kwa njuchi chifukwa chosewera ndi mpira ndipo anachotsa mwayi woti akukumana ndi vuto linalake m'chipinda chopanda mpira.
"Ndizosangalatsa komanso nthawi zina zosangalatsa kuwona njuchi zikusewera masewera ena," wofufuza wa Queen Mary University Samadi Galpayaki, wolemba wamkulu wa kafukufukuyu, adatero m'mawu ake. kukula kochepa ndi ubongo waung'ono, iwo ndi ochuluka kuposa zolengedwa zazing'ono za robot."
"Atha kukhala ndi malingaliro abwino, ngakhale achilendo, monga nyama zina zazikulu zaubweya kapena zopanda ubweya wambiri," adatero Galpage. "Kupeza kumeneku kukukhudza kumvetsetsa kwathu momwe tizilombo timaonera komanso kukhala ndi moyo wabwino ndipo mwachiyembekezo kumatilimbikitsa kulemekeza ndi kuteteza kwambiri zamoyo Padziko Lapansi."
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-10-2022
